Famine and migration in the 19th and 20th centuries led to its further decline. This is the form of the language taught in most schools.īetween the 17th and early 20th centuries, the Irish language was gradually replaced by English in most parts of Ireland. It combines elements from the three major dialects and its pronunciation is based on the Connacht dialect. The Official Standard (An Caighdeán Oifigiúil)ĭuring the 1950s and 1960s a standardised form of Irish, known theĪn Caighdeán Oifigiúil (The Official Standard) was developed. The dialect of Gweedore ( Gaoth Dobhair) is essentially the same as the Ulster dialect. The main area where the Ulster dialect is spoken is the Rosses ( na Rosa). Mainly in Connemara ( Conamara), the Aran Islands ( Oileáin Árann) and Tourmakeady ( Tuar Mhic ( Múscraí) in the western part of County Cork The Munsterĭialect is spoken mainly in Kerry ( Ciarraí) and Muskerry There are three main dialects of Irish: Munster ( An Mhumhain),Ĭonnacht ( Connachta) and Ulster ( Ulaidh). Celtiadur - a dictionary of Celtic cognates.Celtic cognates - words that are similar in the Celtic languages.A comparison of the six modern Celtic languages.The Celtic languages all have a similar grammatical structure, but have relatively little vocabulary in common. Irish is distantly related to Welsh ( Cymraeg), Cornish ( Kernewek) and Breton ( Brezhoneg), which form the Brythonic branch of the Celtic languages, also known as P-Celtic. The grammar and vocabulary of these languages are quite similar, but the spelling and pronunciation are different, especially Manx spelling. There is some degree of mutual intelligibility between them, particular between the Scottish Gaelic of Islay and Argyll, Ulster Irish, and Manx. It is closely related to Manx ( Gaelg/Gailck) and Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig), the other Goidelic languages. Irish is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages, also known as Q-Celtic. Status: an offical language in the Republic of Ireland and in Northern Ireland.Writing systems: Ogham, Gaelic script, Latin alphabet.Spoken in: Irish, and also in the UK, USA, Canada, and Australia.Language family: Indo-European, Celtic, Insular Celtic, Goidelic.When a distinction needs to be made between Irish ( Gaeilge), Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig) and/or Manx ( Gaelg), Irish is referred to as Gaeilge na hÉireann (Irish Gaelic). In Ulster and northern Connacht, Irish is known as Gaedhilic/Gaeilic/Gaeilig or Gaedhlag, In Munster it is known as Gaedhealaing/Gaoluinn/Gaelainn. In Middle Irish the name was spelled Gaoidhealg, in Classical Irish it was Gaoidhealg, and it was Goídelc in Old Irish. Before the 1948 spelling reform, this was spelled Gaedhilge. The official standard name in Irish is Gaeilge /ˈɡeːlʲɟə/. Irish is known as Irish, Gaelic or Irish Gaelic in English. In 2011 1,895 people in Australia said that they use Irish as their home language, and it is possible to study Modern and Old Irish at the University of Sydney. There are Irish language courses at some universities and colleges in the USA and Canada. Whether this includes Northern Ireland is not clear.Īccording to the 2005 US census, about 18,815 people spoke Irish at home in the USA, especially in the northeastern states. According to another source, there are about 9,000 fluent speakers of Irish in Britain. Irish is the main home language for about 4,130 people in Northern Ireland. In 2011 the UK census found that 184,898 people in Northern Ireland (10.65% of the population) have some knowledge of Irish, and that 104,943 of them can speak the language to some degree. The main concentrations of Irish speakers are in the Gaeltachtaí, which are scattered mainly along the west coast of Ireland and haveĪ total population of 96,090. There are also Irish speakers in the UK ( RíochtĪontaithe), the USA ( Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá), Canada ( Ceanada) and Australia ( an Astráil).Īccording to the 2016 census, 1.76 million people in Ireland claim to speak Irish 73,803 speak it daily 111,473 speak it weekly 586,535 speak less frequently, and the rest rarely speak it. Irish is a Celtic language spoken in mainly Ireland ( Éire).
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